Recent literature has dealt with the “know-do” gap in medical care. That is, what doctors actually do in practice is often very different from what they know they should do. This paper presents some descriptive statistics comparing measurements of these two concepts. For the “know” dimension, data from interviews presenting hypothetical cases to both MBBS and non-MBBS practitioners are presented. These are compared with actions taken by the same providers in their actual practices as observed by standardized patients – actors presenting with the same symptoms as the hypotheticals. The differences between the two are not well explained by usual theories of “supplier-induced demand” or “asymmetric information” that are common in the literature.